Transformasi Ekonomi Petani Kakao Melalui Kemitraan: Studi Kasus Di Desa Mataiwoi, Sulawesi Tenggara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52423/jns.v11i1.140Keywords:
Kemitraan, Petani Kakao, Poverty Trap, Transformasi EkonomiAbstract
Pembangunan sektor kakao di Indonesia masih menghadapi paradoks antara tingginya potensi produksi dan rendahnya kesejahteraan petani, yang dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan produktivitas, ketergantungan pada tengkulak, serta lemahnya akses terhadap pasar dan kelembagaan pendukung. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika kemitraan strategis antara Sustainable Cocoa Production Program (SCPP), kelompok tani, dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam mendorong transformasi ekonomi petani kakao di Desa Mataiwoi, Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus, melibatkan 32 informan yang terdiri atas petani peserta dan non-peserta program serta aktor kelembagaan terkait. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, focus group discussion, dan studi dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemitraan tripartit asimetris yang didukung diferensiasi peran yang jelas mampu mendorong transformasi ekonomi petani secara multidimensional, meliputi peningkatan produktivitas, kualitas produk, pendapatan, serta perubahan mindset dari subsistensi menuju orientasi bisnis. Namun demikian, dampak program belum terdistribusi secara merata akibat ketimpangan pra-eksisting dalam aset, modal sosial, dan akses institusional. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kemitraan asimetris yang fungsional dapat menjadi mekanisme efektif dalam memutus poverty trap, sepanjang disertai strategi afirmatif untuk meningkatkan inklusivitas dan keberlanjutan transformasi ekonomi petani.
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